Geophysical tomography as a tool to estimate the geometry of soil layers: relevance for the reliability assessment of dikes

The geometric variability of soil layers is a large source uncertainty in the reliability assessment dikes. Because direct samples subsurface soils are often insufficient to capture complexity subsurface, geophysical methods provide powerful complementary information. A combined approach estimate geometry presented. combines local point data, i.e. data obtained from CPT or borehole log, and tomography universal cokriging framework. uses contact points between orientations derived tomography. To reduce subjectivity interpretation tomographic images, an automated edge detection technique was used. applied characterise two test sites where presence paleochannels locally change layers. results show that enables reduction sampling efforts with improved estimation variability.